Animal welfare refers to the collective state of an animal’s physical and mental well-being. The globally recognized benchmark for assessing welfare is , originally formulated to evaluate livestock but now universally applied to companion animals:
: Studies on the "love hormone" produced during human-dog bonding.
typically weigh more and stand taller than females. For large breeds, this can be a difference of 10–20 pounds. Coat and Appearance
Provision of sufficient space, proper facilities, and the company of the animal’s own kind.
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