Heavy massing of veins ("bag of worms" or симптом дождевых червей ); noticeable testicular atrophy.
In a healthy system, one-way valves inside the veins ensure that blood flows upward and out of the scrotum toward the heart. If these valves fail or if there is a vascular compression (like the so-called "nutcracker phenomenon," where the left renal vein gets squeezed between major arteries), blood pools backward. This causes the veins to stretch, dilate, and become engorged. Why it Matters in Pediatric and Adolescent Health varikotsele u detey 1982 okru exclusive