The short and most practical answer is: An Adobe Community expert has clearly stated that this font is not available in the official Adobe Fonts library, and it’s not included with new installations of Creative Cloud (CC) apps.
In very old Adobe software (CS6 or earlier), QuickType II Courier A might be labeled as Courier PS Std or Adobe Courier . Ensure you are using the modern Creative Cloud interface. quicktype ii courier a font download adobe exclusive